Jinsi ya Kusanidi Proksi kwenye Ubuntu na Debian Linux
Updated:
Kwenye Ubuntu na Debian Linux, mipangilio ya proksi hutegemea muktadha wa utekelezaji: vipindi vya shell husoma /etc/environment au ~/.bashrc, kidhibiti cha vifurushi cha APT husoma /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/, huduma za systemd husoma faili za drop-in unit, na GNOME Desktop hutumia gsettings. Mwongozo huu unatoa vipande kamili vya usanidi kwa kila mfumo mdogo wa Ubuntu kwa kutumia proksi za HTTP(S) za VinaProxy.
export http_proxy=http://user:pass@ip:port https_proxy=http://user:pass@ip:port- IP 1₫ 40,000
- IP 5+₫ 35,000
- IP 10+₫ 25,000
- IP 20+₫ 25,000
- IP 50+₫ 25,000
- IP 100+₫ 25,000
- IP 200+₫ 25,000
- IP 500+₫ 25,000
- IP 1000+₫ 22,000
- IP 2000+₫ 20,000
- IP 1₫ 40,000
- IP 5+₫ 35,000
- IP 10+₫ 25,000
- IP 20+₫ 25,000
- IP 50+₫ 25,000
- IP 100+₫ 25,000
- IP 200+₫ 25,000
- IP 500+₫ 25,000
- IP 1000+₫ 22,000
- IP 2000+₫ 20,000
Upeo wa Usanidi wa Proksi kwenye Ubuntu
Kwa chaguo-msingi sudo huondoa vigezo vya mazingira ya mtumiaji, na huduma za systemd hazisomi ~/.bashrc. Tumia jedwali hili la rejeleo kusanidi faili sahihi kwenye Ubuntu:
| Mfumo Mdogo wa Ubuntu | Faili ya Usanidi / Amri | Hutumika Kwa | Kudumu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shell Shirikishi | ~/.bashrc au /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh | curl, wget, python, git, node | Kila shell ya kuingia |
| Mazingira ya PAM ya Mfumo Mzima | /etc/environment | Vipindi vyote vya watumiaji wa PAM | Kudumu baada ya kuwasha upya |
| Kidhibiti cha Vifurushi cha APT | /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy | sudo apt update & apt install | Kudumu kwa APT |
| Huduma za systemd | /etc/systemd/system/<svc>.service.d/proxy.conf | Daemoni ya Docker, huduma maalum | Baada ya daemon-reload |
Usanidi wa Hatua kwa Hatua kwenye Ubuntu Server na Desktop
bash
# 1. /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh (Shell & CLI tools)
sudo tee /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh > /dev/null << 'EOF'
export http_proxy="http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT"
export https_proxy="http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT"
export HTTP_PROXY="http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT"
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,::1,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16"
export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh
# 2. /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy (APT package manager)
sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy > /dev/null << 'EOF'
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT/";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://USER:PASS@IP:PORT/";
EOF
Kuhifadhi Vigezo vya Proksi Chini ya sudo na Herufi Maalum
- Ikiwa unaendesha amri kupitia
sudo curl ...ausudo pip ..., tumiasudo -Eili kuhifadhi vigezo vya mazingira ya proksi ulivyosafirisha, au ongezaDefaults env_keep += "http_proxy https_proxy HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY no_proxy NO_PROXY"kupitiasudo visudo. - Weka vikwazo vya ruhusa za faili (
sudo chmod 600 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy) kwenye seva za Linux zinazotumiwa na watumiaji wengi ili watumiaji wengine wa ndani wasiweze kusoma vitambulisho vyako vya proksi.
Hatua kwa hatua
- 1
Safirisha Vigezo vya Mazingira ya Shell (/etc/profile.d/proxy.sh)
Unda /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh inayofafanua vigezo vya herufi ndogo (http_proxy, https_proxy, no_proxy) na herufi kubwa (HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, NO_PROXY) ili zana zote za CLI za GNU na Go/Rust ziweze kuzitambua.
- 2
Sanidi Proksi ya Kidhibiti cha Vifurushi cha APT
Kwa sababu sudo apt update hupuuza vigezo vya shell ya mtumiaji, unda /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy ukiwa na Acquire::http::Proxy na Acquire::https::Proxy.
- 3
Jaribu Muunganisho wa Nje kwa curl
Pakia wasifu wako (
source /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh) na uendeshecurl -s https://api.ipify.orgili kuthibitisha kuwa mashine yako ya Ubuntu inapitia VinaProxy.
Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara
Kwa nini ninahitaji herufi ndogo za http_proxy na herufi kubwa za HTTP_PROXY kwenye Linux?
Baadhi ya zana za Linux (kama vile curl na wget) huangalia herufi ndogo http_proxy, ilhali nyingine hufanya kazi tu na herufi kubwa HTTP_PROXY (au zote mbili). Kufafanua zote kunahakikisha utendakazi thabiti kwenye mifumo yote.
Kwa nini `sudo apt update` hupuuza kigezo changu cha `http_proxy` nilichosafirisha?
sudo huweka upya vigezo vya mazingira kwa sababu za kiusalama isipokuwa ikiitwa na sudo -E. Kusanidi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy kunahakikisha kuwa APT hutumia proksi ipasavyo kila wakati.
Je, ninasanidi vipi proksi kwenye GUI ya Ubuntu Desktop (GNOME)?
Fungua Settings → Network → Network Proxy → Manual, au tumia gsettings set org.gnome.system.proxy mode 'manual' pamoja na seva pangishi na lango la org.gnome.system.proxy.http.
Pata proksi za HTTP(S) zenye latency ya chini kwa Ubuntu
Vitambulisho vya papo hapo vya Dedicated IPv4 na Static ISP katika nchi 7.
Tazama Bei za Proksi