Web Scraping Best Practices: Checklist Hoàn Chỉnh

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February 4, 2026

Web Scraping Best Practices: Checklist Hoàn Chỉnh

Tổng hợp tất cả best practices thành một checklist. Dùng để review trước khi deploy scrapers.

🔧 Setup

  • ☐ Virtual environment riêng cho project
  • ☐ requirements.txt với pinned versions
  • ☐ .env file cho credentials (không commit!)
  • ☐ Proper logging configuration
  • ☐ Error handling framework

🌐 Requests

  • ☐ Realistic User-Agent
  • ☐ Accept, Accept-Language headers
  • ☐ Referer header khi cần
  • ☐ Session để maintain cookies
  • ☐ Timeouts cho mọi requests
  • ☐ Retry logic với exponential backoff

⏱️ Rate Limiting

  • ☐ Delay giữa requests (1-5 seconds)
  • ☐ Random delays để tránh patterns
  • ☐ Respect Crawl-delay trong robots.txt
  • ☐ Limit concurrent connections
  • ☐ Back off khi gặp 429/503

🔄 Proxy Management

  • ☐ Rotating proxy pool
  • ☐ Health checks cho proxies
  • ☐ Fallback khi proxy fails
  • ☐ Geo-targeting phù hợp
  • ☐ Monitor proxy success rate

🛡️ Anti-Detection

  • ☐ Browser fingerprint spoofing
  • ☐ Headless detection bypass
  • ☐ Consistent browser profile
  • ☐ Human-like behavior (mouse, scroll)
  • ☐ CAPTCHA handling strategy

📊 Data Quality

  • ☐ Validate data trước khi save
  • ☐ Handle missing fields gracefully
  • ☐ Normalize và clean data
  • ☐ Deduplicate records
  • ☐ Type checking và conversion

💾 Storage

  • ☐ Incremental saves (không mất data khi crash)
  • ☐ Proper encoding (UTF-8)
  • ☐ Timestamps trên mọi records
  • ☐ Source URL tracking
  • ☐ Backup strategy

🔍 Monitoring

  • ☐ Success/failure rate tracking
  • ☐ Alert khi error rate cao
  • ☐ Website change detection
  • ☐ Performance metrics
  • ☐ Dashboard cho visibility

📝 Logging

  • ☐ Log levels (DEBUG, INFO, ERROR)
  • ☐ Structured logging (JSON)
  • ☐ Log rotation
  • ☐ Request/response details
  • ☐ Timing information

⚖️ Legal & Ethics

  • ☐ Check robots.txt
  • ☐ Read Terms of Service
  • ☐ Respect copyright
  • ☐ Handle PII carefully
  • ☐ Don’t overload servers

🧪 Testing

  • ☐ Unit tests cho parsing functions
  • ☐ Mock HTTP responses
  • ☐ Integration tests
  • ☐ Selector validation tests
  • ☐ CI/CD pipeline

🚀 Production

  • ☐ Docker container
  • ☐ Environment-based config
  • ☐ Graceful shutdown handling
  • ☐ Health check endpoint
  • ☐ Auto-restart on failure

Quick Reference Code

# Complete request template
import requests
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

session = requests.Session()
retry = Retry(total=3, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504])
session.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry))
session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry))

response = session.get(
    url,
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0...',
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml',
        'Accept-Language': 'vi-VN,vi;q=0.9,en;q=0.8'
    },
    proxies={'http': proxy, 'https': proxy},
    timeout=30
)

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